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Ordinary Parents Redefined the Constitution

The Forgotten Freedom Fighters of 1867 In the aftermath of the Civil War, a group of ordinary parents in Maryland defied the law to redefine freedom for their children.

Their story has been largely erased from history, but its echoes can be heard today. The practice of indenturing Black children under sham "apprenticeship" laws was a cruel relic of slavery.

When Elizabeth Turner's mother refused to accept it after her daughter's enslaver had re indentured her just days after Maryland abolished slavery, she joined thousands of other parents in fighting back.

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